Introduction
I.C.Ts is really important in the entire world in general and creating international locations to be certain. I.C.Ts have produced considerable impression in many locations when it arrives to nationwide improvement. When we acquire a glance at the overall economy of the country, education, religion, Social Science and Technologies we can see that I.C.Ts have contributed a great deal in bettering these spots. You may are inclined to wonder how but as you go through along you will realize and see the significance of I.C.Ts in acquiring nations around the world (Johnson, 2008).
I.C.Ts refer to systems that offer entry to details by telecommunications. It is related to info technological know-how (I.T), but focuses generally on conversation systems. This contains the world wide web, wireless networks, mobile phones, and other conversation mediums (Marke, 2003).
I.C.Ts are anxious mainly with info administration that is, acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics primarily based interaction of laptop and telecommunication as its key fields (Julliet, 2001).
The Part of ICTs in Organisations
If any corporation like the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) in Sierra Leone is to increase and develop then there should be productive and efficient interaction in the organisation. Data whether it is pictorial, textual, penned or vocal variety by which an information and facts is conversation from top rated to bottom or the reviser for the powerful managing of the business the use of I. C. T. is very crucial for the reason that it tends to make it extremely simple by means of the use of mobile cellphone, computer systems and other devices that we use to talk information is owing to the actuality that we have what we simply call I. C. Ts. (Johnson 2008).
• Through I. C.Ts. know-how person can have simple access to facts as a result of an e-mail by by this it help save the time of the personnel just through by traveling to his/her e-mail deal with he/she will know about the most current improvement in Criminal Investigation Division, without having likely to his/her or boss for info
• I. C. Ts. have performed quite vital function in social media things to do and the use of world-wide-web more than the a long time and it is continue to building optimistic impact in our modern society these days. Devoid of I.C.Ts
• I.C.Ts. have produced it possible for a individual in a single region to purchase products from a further country, electronically from a next and shell out for it electronically in a third.
I. C.Ts. Have improved the earth industrial revolution varieties from the mine tenth century and this transform is long-lasting, due to the fact it produces new financial routines, new relations of creation, new political forces, new career, and new outlook of existence
• I.C.Ts. have plays excellent function in the well being sector of Prison Investigation
Division by strengthening on health care recognition delivery and community awareness on important overall health situation. By I. C. Ts. a single can will be ready to have entry to health-related information and experienced professionals can minimize struggling and will save life (Peter, 2005).
Historical qualifications of the (C. I.D) in Sierra Leone
The Sierra Leone Police Pressure is the brainchild of the British government. Its inception dates as considerably back as to 1808 when Freetown was declared a British Crown Colony. In the absence of a formal organized human body to preserve the peace, some retired British Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates were appointed by Magistrates to occur to Sierra Leone to keep regulation and purchase. In between 1863-1888 the then Police Force experienced metamorphosed in order to handle the unpleasant incidents, which were rearing their heads specifically for the duration of the 1881 Koya and 1888 Sherbro disturbances. These disturbances led to the progress of police together the frontier. In 1889, hence, the police was divided- armed forces and frontier duties ended up taken above by the Frontier Law enforcement white Civilian responsibilities have been remaining with the Frontier Law enforcement subsequently became acknowledged as the Courtroom Messenger Power, and have been made liable for the colony.
On the 27th Oct 1894, in the Royal Gazette of that date, the civil law enforcement in the colony had been given the designation “The Sierra Leone Police Drive” – (S. L.P.F) which has remained unchanged to this working day. Captain V.F. Laphan was seconded from the Military to manage the police pressure, with the rank of superintendent and Mr. Brooks, a metropolitan police officer, was appointed inspector of police. In 1909 superintendent Brooks was appointed the to start with commissioner of police.
No serious substantial strides took put in the drive, until eventually, Mr. C. H. Ward, (O.B.E.) Superintendent of Police from Nigerian, took more than command of the power as Commissioner of Police variety Captain P. T. Brodie, in 1943. The toughness of the pressure was 300, which include two (2) expatriates, the Commissioner and the Assistant Commissioner and Africans crammed the rest the other ranks. The really serious civil disturbances led to the brief introduction of the Riot Squad which was subsequently trained to have even further riots. Mr. Ward lifted the energy to 600 and this designed a welcome and overdue maximize in advertising probabilities. For the 1st time Africans ended up promoted to the rank of Assistant superintendent of Law enforcement (A. S. P) and a fleet of autos comprising autos, lorries, motor cycle and bicycles was afterwards received.
He started out the correct teaching school at Port Loko in 1944, which was later transferred to the naval camp at hasting exactly where it stands to this day. He also started out regional communications in between law enforcement departments and finally exchange this by a law enforcement wi-fi interaction procedure which now cover the full place. Mr. Ward was succeeded by J. P. I. Forde who raised the strength to 1,000, despatched the 1st African sub-inspector to educate a Henden which ongoing thenceforth. He launched the 1st suitable Power STANDING ORDERS (F. S. O.) the police FEDERATION and Law enforcement COUNICIL. In 1952 Mr. W. G. Syer took more than and wasted no time in using policing to the provinces which resulted in its enlargement. He affiliated the police drive to International Police Group (INTERPOL) and disbanded the Riot Squad, there by introducing a process in which every single law enforcement officer was taught not duties no matter what section of the pressure he may be hooked up to.
Among 1963-1969 Mr. L. W. Leigh became the 1st Sierra Leonean Commissioner of Law enforcement and below his management a law enforcement Act was proven in 1964 which was meant to consolidate and amend the legal guidelines relating to the Sierra Leone police pressure that is, the defense of lifetime and property, the prevention and detection of crime and the apprehension of offenders in between 1969-1972, Mr. Jenkins M.E.G Smith grew to become the next Sierra Leone commissioner of police who led the pressure as a result of Republic in 1971.
The uniform at this time consisted of grey shorts and grey jacket with black footwear and cummerbund. Area 174 of the Sierra Leone Structure of 1978 improved the classic job of the power by the appointment of the 10 Commissioners of Law enforcement, Mr. P. C. Kaetu Smith [1973- 1979] as one of the seven (7) appointed customers of parliament by the Govt president, hence politicizing the job of the law enforcement drive.
Involving 1981- 1984, Honorable C Kaetu Smith was succeeded by Hon. J. A. Grant. In 1986, Hon. P. M. Johnson results in being the initial inspector – Basic of law enforcement. On the 1st of January, 1987, the pressure was re- divisionalized into law enforcement divisions just about every division being represented by letters, ranging from “A” to “N” and each division commanded by a main police officer [C. P. O]. These were more sub-divided into law enforcement Districts and put below the command of the officer commanding districts [o/c] who may well be a Deputy Superintendent of police or Assistant Superintendent of Police (A.S.P.).
In 1987 Hon. James Bambay Kamara succeeded by Mr. P.M. Johnson. In December, 1991, in a bid to redeem the great impression of the Sierra Leone Law enforcement Drive which experienced very seriously dented by politics, the British Government sent Mr. Keith Lewis, a retired British Superintendent of Law enforcement to restructure the power. A collection of law enforcement courses ended up then released into the curriculum in purchase to increase the force in policing a modern-day democratic culture schooling programs like the Junior and Senior Administration Classes Trainers training course, felony investigation Section program identified as the Yorkshire Course was introduced which went a extended way to restructure the police.
The democratically elected Government of Dr. Ahmed Tejan Kabba in 1996 solicited the companies of the British Government to assist additional restructure the Sierra Leone Law enforcement Power. The British Governing administration responded by sending a staff known as the Commonwealth Law enforcement Advancement Task Pressure. which was headed by the Inspector-Common of police, Mr. Kieth Biddle.Under the dynamic leadership of the British born Inspector- Standard of police, the Sierra Leone law enforcement force is slowly regained the self esteem of the general public through the adjust management beneath the new restructured method, so that the drive can grow to be “Force For Good’ which is its recognized for now. (Sierra Leone Police Prospectus 2014).
Routines of Prison Investigation Division (CID)
The adhering to are the things to do untaken by CID of the Sierra Leone Police:
Documentation
Crimes scene investigators are charged with the responsibility of formally documenting the crime scene. This documentation is generally permanent and constitutes the formal document of the investigation. It can be forwarded to officers and law enforcement agencies for further more use and investigation. Documentation incorporates photograph, diagrams and sketches, and created notes. At this point, the crimes scene investigation normally make some sort of initial interpretation of the evidence at hand and doc the actions taken by the investigators at the actions taken by the investigators at the scene Efficient documentation lets for an accurate re-occasion, these as a forensics crew.
Authorized Obligations
The investigator need to carry out a number of lawful responsibilities in relation to prior get the job done. Primarily based on their investigation, criminal offense scene investigators aid legal professionals and other lawful officers get ready criminal proceedings. They generally fulfill to reveal their formal reviews and the evidence, generating confident it’s recognized. Investigators also are termed on to testify in court, where they are the foremost authority on what was discovered on the scene and what conclusions had been drawn.
They should be capable to explain what the evidence means and why specified conclusions seem to be persuasive primarily based on investigation. Crime scene investigators need to also be common with Nationwide and point out legal guidelines and with appropriate scenario legislation to set the proof in perspective.
Evidence Selection
As soon as the scene has been secured, surveyed and documented, the criminal offense scene investigator prospects an work to obtain applicable evidence. This process can be sluggish and involves a good deal of persistence, as properly as the means to efficiently connect and collaborate with others. An means to correctly and delicately deploy products is paramount listed here. Evidence, these as articles or blog posts of garments hair, nail clippings and fiber samples, will have to be collected in these types of a method that its integrity is preserved. Labeled and sealed pouches manage the integrity of the proof as properly as the chain of custody. The investigator also is responsible for retaining the integrity of the criminal offense scene by roping off the spot, trying to keep witnesses from tampering with evidence and making spots where proof was gathered.
Search
The initial lookup, also named scene recognition, is the first walkthrough that or criminal offense scene investigator usually takes. Upon the very first assessment, the crime scene investigator develops a method to method the scene and apprehend evidence. This can consist of components these types of as what directing to go in, prioritizing evidence that could possibly disappear or be harmed and deciding what devices and means are required to effectively consider stock of the problem. The criminal offense scene investigator can assemble and direct the group to look into the scene and collect proof. Murder scenes, for illustration, may require investigators to obtain blood and tissue samples, fingerprint, shoe casings. A robbery might have to have fingerprints, from points of entry and other surfaces the burglar may well have touched.
Examples of ICTs utilised by the C I D
In fashionable moments, policing has been finished with the use of technological things to enable them carryout their activities with the simplicity and for successful and economical support shipping. ICTs. refer to technologies that present accessibility to information and facts, by way of telecommunication which is identical to facts technological know-how (I T), but in this article target is largely on conversation technologies. This contains the online, wi-fi networks, cell phones and other interaction media The subsequent information conversation technologies are made use of by the CID of the Sierra Leone police
• Closed-Circuit television (CCTV): to check functions/ happenings within just their parts of responsibilities and to be utilised as pictorial/ visible evidence in courtroom and for records uses.
• Digital Cameras: these are used to just take snap pictures of allow powerful and productive investigations with true proof to be tendered in courtroom as evidence.
• Drivers: these are made use of to help save/keep helpful facts about an investigation this sort of as development reviews, summary studies, summary of proof, and proceedings/rulings about a subject.
• Image Copiers: they are principally made use of to duplicate reviews and other files to be distributed to different authorities worried for their private directives and required motion.
• Scanners: these are most common now as a final result of terrorist threats and can be applied for human beings, vehicles and for baggage’s in get to detect / prevent crime and the dread of criminal offense and to restore self-assurance in the populace. It can be used to detect any offensive objects/ weapons and to avert any mishap.
• Computers: are now generally employed to look into legal around the globe. With the assistance of computers, the Interpol can observe criminals from just about every continent and the many police headquarters can liaise with every single other to get the desired final result. Also, could computing has been so significantly influential investigations in order to find the exactly where about of criminals and to track their acts/actions and accomplices.
Complications linked with the use of ICTs and info supply of the CID in the Sierra Leone Law enforcement.
• Power Issues: Deficiency of consistent and inexpensive electricity is the greatest obstacle in coming up with a computing infrastructure for prison facts (or any other application that issue). The wide bulk of legal investigation amenities in the felony investigation section have no major electric power and, the place readily available, these kinds of electric power is ordinarily very unreliable or so unstable that it poses a threat to unprotected electronic products.
• Environmental Difficulties: The actual physical atmosphere in Sierra Leone and in most other regions in the nation is characterized by some blend of warmth, dust and humidity, each and every of which is a difficulty for common computers. Large velocity Central Processing Units produce great quantities of warmth that, if not effectively dissipated, minimizes performance or can render these methods in operable. Dust threatens delicate electronics by shorting circuits and impeding airflow and warmth dissipation. Humidity potential customers to condensation corrosion and even mildew, all of which can lead to electrical troubles and probably shorten tools lifespan.
• Connectivity Problems: Deficiency of inexpensive connectivity and bandwidth in the primary impediment to many of the most promising criminal investigation applications in the CID, together with schooling initiatives and other genuine- time support Absence of connectivity also complicates far more essential efforts to gather and analyse criminal data.
Summary
It is progressively very clear that data is the lifestyle blood of the CID system. Exact, timely and accessible criminal offense info strengthens practically just about every element of the procedure, from plan earning, to logistic and training. In contrast, inefficient crime facts devices put up with from an information anemia that weakens the program.
Sadly, all way too lots of criminal offense systems in the producing planet still suffer from the equal information shock, a procedure threaten issue characterised by the incapability to produce entry or act on even the most essential criminal offense data. Success or failure of ICTs deployment in Felony Investigation Office depends on obtain to inexpensive, integrated remedies that are the two sustainable in small source location and adaptable to nearby issue invented is actively acquiring and deploying this kind of method specifically to deal with this need. It is hence rather necessary to take note that ICTs engage in a important and critical function in improving the effective provision, management and shipping of data in combating crimes.